Post-positivism is a philosophical stance that emerged as a critique of traditional positivism. While positivism emphasizes that knowledge is based on observable and measurable facts, post-positivism acknowledges that our understanding of the world is never entirely objective and is always influenced by the context, perspectives, and limitations of the observer.
In more detail:
- Positivism suggests that knowledge comes from empirical observation and scientific evidence, which can be verified. It assumes that reality exists independently of human perceptions.
- Post-positivism argues that, while scientific methods are useful, they cannot provide absolute certainty. It recognizes that all knowledge is subject to revision as new evidence and better interpretations emerge. Post-positivists believe that reality can never be fully known, but we can get closer to understanding it through critical analysis and investigation.
Key features of post-positivism include:
- Fallibilism: The belief that all knowledge is tentative and subject to correction.
- Objectivity with Awareness of Bias: While striving for objectivity, post-positivism acknowledges that research is influenced by the researcher’s context, background, and interpretation.
- Use of Multiple Methods: Post-positivists often employ a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods, acknowledging that different perspectives and methods can complement each other in understanding complex phenomena.
- Critical Thinking: It encourages questioning assumptions and being open to alternative interpretations of data.
In essence, post-positivism maintains scientific rigor but emphasizes that knowledge is always incomplete and should be continuously refined.